Haryana GK Notes for CET 2025 Exam

I. Key Areas of Haryana GK

1. History of Haryana:

   • Ancient, Medieval, and Modern history of Haryana.
   • Prominent dynasties that ruled Haryana (e.g., Tomars, Chauhans).
   • Haryana's role in the Indian Independence struggle.
   • Key battles fought in Haryana (e.g., Battles of Panipat).
   • Historical places and their significance.

2. Geography of Haryana:

   • Location and boundaries of Haryana (bordered by Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Delhi).
   • Districts of Haryana (numbering 22).
   • Major rivers (Yamuna, Ghaggar), lakes, and water bodies.
   • Soil types, climatic conditions, and agricultural patterns.
   • Mountain ranges (Shivalik foothills) and other physical features.
   • Highest rainfall receiving district (Ambala).

3. Polity and Administration of Haryana:

   • State political history, Chief Ministers.
   • Legislative structure (Haryana Legislative Assembly - 90 members).
   • Major political parties.
   • Administrative divisions, police administration.
   • Panchayati Raj system in Haryana (e.g., Finance, Audit and Planning Committee appointed by Panchayat Samiti).

4. Economy of Haryana:

   • Major crops and agricultural contribution to the state's economy.
   • Key industries (textile, automobile, IT, etc.).
   • GDP trends and rural economy.
   • Government schemes related to economic development (e.g., National Beekeeping and Honey Mission, Mhara Gaon, Jagmag Gaon scheme).
   • Haryana Budget and Economic Survey highlights (especially 2024-25).

5. Art, Culture, and Folk Forms of Haryana:

   • Folk dances (Ghoomar, Phag, etc.).
   • Traditional music and local festivals.
   • Dress styles and rituals.
   • Famous crafts: Phulkari shawl, pottery, footwear (Zari juttis), bamboo and cane artifacts, woven stools, metal items (brassware).
   • Prominent personalities in art and culture.

6. Static GK of Haryana:

   • State Symbols:
     • State Bird: Black Francolin
     • State Animal: Nilgai (also called Blackbuck)
     • State Flower: Lotus
     • State Tree: Peepal
   • Nickname of Jind: 'Heart of Haryana' due to its central location.
   • Important Tirthas/Pilgrimage sites (e.g., Kalkeshwar Tirth, Prachi Tirth, Kuber Tirth in Kurukshetra).
   • Sports and awards related to Haryana (e.g., cash award for Mahavir Chakra awardee).
   • Firsts in Haryana (first CM, first Governor, etc.).

7. Current Affairs of Haryana (2024-2025):

   • Recent developments, major events.
   • Government schemes and initiatives launched.
   • Important appointments and resignations.
   • Awards and honors received by people from Haryana.
   • Any significant news related to infrastructure, education, health, etc.
   • Focus on monthly updates (Jan–Mar 2025 current affairs are highlighted in exam resources).

II. Preparation Strategy for Haryana GK

1. Understand the Syllabus and Exam Pattern: Haryana GK typically covers about 25-30% of the total marks. Familiarize yourself with the detailed syllabus provided by HSSC for CET 2025.
2. Refer to Reliable Resources:
   • Books: Look for books specifically designed for Haryana GK for competitive exams. Lucent's General Knowledge is often recommended for general GK, but supplement it with Haryana-specific books.
   • Online Platforms: Many educational platforms and YouTube channels provide dedicated classes, MCQs, and revision sessions for Haryana GK. Look for channels by educators like Sunil Boora Sir, Sandeep Sir, Nisha Ma'am, Praveen Udaan Sir, and Anurag Sir who are frequently mentioned in search results for Haryana CET GK.
   • Previous Year Questions (PYQs): Solving PYQs is crucial to understand the type and difficulty level of questions asked. Many resources provide PYQ-style questions.
3. Focus on Important Topics: While covering the entire syllabus is good, pay extra attention to the frequently asked topics from history (especially battles, independence movement), geography (districts, rivers, climate), culture (folk dances, festivals, crafts), and current affairs (schemes, appointments, budget).
4. Make Concise Notes: Summarize key facts, figures, and historical events. This will help in quick revision.
5. Regular Revision: Haryana GK involves a lot of factual information. Consistent revision is essential to retain the information.
6. Practice MCQs and Mock Tests: Regularly attempt multiple-choice questions and full-length mock tests to assess your preparation level and improve time management.
7. Stay Updated with Current Affairs: Read local newspapers, Haryana government official websites, and current affairs magazines/online resources to stay abreast of the latest happenings in the state. Focus on the last 6-12 months of current affairs.

III. Important Points to Remember for CET 2025

• Exam Mode: Offline (OMR-based) with MCQ pattern.
• Total Marks: 100 marks (95 marks for written test, 5 marks for socio-economic criteria).
• No Negative Marking: This is a significant advantage, so attempt all questions.
• Difficulty Level: For Group C, the question difficulty level will be 12th / Graduation, and for Group D, the difficulty level will be that of the 10th class.
• Admit Card: Released by HSSC on hryssc.in or cet2025groupc.hryssc.com.
• Free Bus Transport: Haryana government provides free bus transport on exam days upon showing admit card and valid ID.

By focusing on these areas and adopting a systematic preparation approach, you can effectively prepare for the Haryana GK section of the CET 2025 exam.

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More In-Depth Haryana GK Notes for CET 2025 Exam

I. History of Haryana (Extended)

• Pre-Historic Period:
  • Discovery of Stone Age tools in the Aravalli foothills (e.g., Pinjore, Kalka).
  • Early Harappan (Pre-Harappan) Sites: Siswal (Hisar) - distinct pottery, agricultural practices.
  • Mature Harappan Sites: Rakhigarhi (Hisar) - largest IVC site, ongoing excavations revealing urban planning, craft production, burial sites. Banawali (Fatehabad) - well-planned town, fire altars. Mitathal (Bhiwani) - copper hoards.
• Vedic Age & Mahabharata:
  • Brahma Sarovar (Kurukshetra): Sacred tank, believed to be the place where Lord Brahma performed creation.
  • Jyotisar (Kurukshetra): Sacred spot where Lord Krishna delivered the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna.
  • Thanesar (Kurukshetra): Capital of Pushyabhuti dynasty, associated with King Harsha.
  • Pehowa (Kurukshetra): An ancient pilgrimage site, famous for its association with the Saraswati river and rituals for ancestors (Pind Daan).
• Sultanate & Mughal Era (Specifics):
  • Battle of Tarain Significance: The 2nd battle (1192) fundamentally altered the political landscape of India, establishing the foundation of Turkic rule.
  • Firoz Shah Tughlaq's contributions: Credited with building canals (e.g., Western Yamuna Canal), establishing cities like Hisar and Fatehabad, and improving administration.
  • Panipat Battles - Key Commanders:
    • First Battle of Panipat (1526): Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, establishing the Mughal Empire.
    • Second Battle of Panipat (1556): Akbar (represented by Bairam Khan) defeated Hemu, consolidating Mughal rule.
    • Third Battle of Panipat (1761): Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas, significantly weakening their power.
• British Period & 1857 Revolt (More Details):
  • Transfer to Punjab: After the 1857 Revolt, Haryana (then a part of North-Western Provinces) was merged with Punjab in 1858 as a political punishment.
  • Prominent leaders of 1857 Revolt in Haryana:
    • Rao Tula Ram (Rewari): Fought bravely, strategic leader.
    • Nahar Singh (Ballabhgarh): Executed by British.
    • Abdus Samad Khan (Jhajjar).
    • Ghaus Ali Khan (Farrukhnagar).
  • Formation of Haryana State:
    • States Reorganization Commission (1953): Did not recommend separate Haryana.
    • Regional Formula (1956): Attempted to address linguistic differences within Punjab, but failed.
    • Shah Commission (1966): Headed by Justice J.C. Shah. Recommended the division of Punjab based on language. Report formed the basis of Punjab Reorganization Act, 1966.
    • Capital: Chandigarh was made the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.
    • Original Districts (7): Ambala, Karnal, Rohtak, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Hisar, Jind.

II. Geography of Haryana (Extended)

• Location: North-western part of India.
  • Latitude: 27°39' N to 30°35' N
  • Longitude: 74°28' E to 77°36' E
• Boundaries:
  • North: Punjab, Himachal Pradesh
  • West: Punjab, Rajasthan
  • South: Rajasthan
  • East: Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand
• Area: 44,212 sq km (1.34% of India's total area). 21st largest state by area.
• Administrative Divisions:
  • Districts: 22 (Newest: Charkhi Dadri, formed in 2016).
  • Divisions (Mandal): 6 (Ambala, Rohtak, Gurugram, Hisar, Karnal, Faridabad).
  • Sub-divisions (Up-Mandal): 74; Tehsils: 94; Sub-Tehsils: 50; Blocks: 143; Villages: Approx. 6,841 (as per Census 2011).
• Physiographic Divisions:
  • Shivalik Hills: Northern parts (Panchkula, Ambala, Yamunanagar). Highest peak: Karoh Peak (1514m) in Morni Hills (Panchkula).
  • Piedmont Plain (Foot Hill Zone): Narrow strip south of Shivalik Hills.
  • Ghaggar-Yamuna Plain (Alluvial Plain): Most fertile and largest part. Sub-divisions: Bangar (older alluvium), Khadar (newer alluvium), Naili (Ghaggar floodplain), Bet (Markanda floodplain).
  • Semi-desert Sandy Plain (Bagar Region): South-western parts, bordering Rajasthan, with sand dunes.
  • Aravalli Hills: Southern parts (Gurugram, Faridabad, Mahendragarh, Rewari). Remnants of ancient range.
• Rivers:
  • Perennial: Yamuna (Eastern boundary).
  • Seasonal/Rain-fed: Ghaggar (major seasonal), Markanda, Tangri, Chautang, Krishnavati, Dohan, Sahibi.
• Climate:
  • Sub-tropical, continental type. Hot Summers (April-June), Cold Winters (Dec-Feb), Monsoon (July-Sept).
  • Rainfall: Unevenly distributed. Highest in Shivalik region (Ambala, Yamunanagar, Panchkula). Lowest in western and southern parts (Sirsa, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh).
• Soils: Predominantly Alluvial. Also Sandy, Sierozem, Hill soils.
• Forests: Low forest cover (approx. 3.6%).
• National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries:
  • National Parks: Sultanpur National Park (Gurugram - migratory birds, Ramsar site), Kalesar National Park (Yamunanagar - leopards, red jungle fowl).
  • Wildlife Sanctuaries: 8 (e.g., Bhindawas WLS, Khaparwas WLS, Nahar WLS, Abubshahar WLS).
  • Conservation Reserves: 2 (e.g., Saraswati Wildlife Sanctuary).

III. Polity and Administration of Haryana (Extended)

• State Legislature: Unicameral (Legislative Assembly).
  • Haryana Legislative Assembly: 90 members (MLA).
  • Reserved Constituencies: 17 seats for SCs.
  • Lok Sabha Seats: 10
  • Rajya Sabha Seats: 5
• Governor: Constitutional Head. Current Governor (as of mid-2025): Bandaru Dattatreya.
• Chief Minister: Head of Government. Current CM (as of mid-2025): Nayab Singh Saini.
• High Court: Punjab and Haryana High Court (Chandigarh).
• Panchayati Raj System: Three-tier system (Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zila Parishad) under Haryana Panchayati Raj Act, 1994. First state to implement minimum educational qualifications for Panchayat elections (2015).

IV. Economy of Haryana (Extended)

• Overall Economic Overview (Based on Haryana Budget 2025-26 & Economic Survey 2024-25):
  • Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) 2025-26 (BE): Projected ₹13,47,486 crore (11% growth).
  • Per Capita Income (NSDP Per Capita) 2025 (Projected): ₹3,53,181.554. Consistently among top states.
  • Sectoral Contribution to GSDP (2023-24 estimates): Services (53%), Manufacturing (29%), Agriculture (18%).
  • Fiscal Position (Budget 2025-26 Estimates): Fiscal Deficit targeted at 2.7% of GSDP.
• Key Economic Sectors:
  • Agriculture: "Food Bowl" of India. Major Crops: Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton. Livestock & Dairy (Murrah buffalo).
  • Industry: Largest Automobile Hub in India (Gurugram). IT/ITeS & ESDM (Gurugram - "Cyber City," "Millennium City," 3rd largest software exporter). Textile (Panipat - "City of Weavers"). Panipat Refinery (IOCL).
  • Services: Dominant sector, includes Financial, Business Services, Real Estate, Logistics, Tourism.
• Infrastructure: Extensive road network (NH-44, KMP, KGP, Delhi-Mumbai, Dwarka Expressways). Hisar Airport development. Power generation.
• Government Schemes (Economic Focus 2024-2025): Mera Pani, Meri Virasat Yojana, Mukhyamantri Antyodaya Parivar Utthan Yojana, Lado Lakshmi Yojana (new, ₹5,000 crore allocation), Mukhyamantri Yuva Kaushal Samman Yojana, Haryana AI Mission.

V. Art, Culture, and Folk Forms of Haryana (Extended)

• Folk Dances: Ghoomar, Phag, Dhamal, Loor, Khoria, Saang (Folk Theatre). Famous Saangi: Pt. Lakhmi Chand.
• Folk Music: Traditional instruments (Sarangi, Been, Dholak).
• Festivals: Teej, Gugga Navami, Sanjhi, Surajkund International Crafts Mela (February).
• Traditional Dress: Men (Dhoti, Kurta, Pagri), Women (Ghagra, Kurti, Chunder/Odni).
• Handicrafts: Phulkari, Pottery, Zari Juttis, Panipat carpets.
• Language: Haryanvi (dialect of Hindi).

VI. Static GK of Haryana (Extended)

• State Symbols: Bird (Black Francolin), Animal (Blackbuck/Nilgai), Flower (Lotus), Tree (Peepal).
• Nicknames/Titles of Cities: Jind ("Heart of Haryana"), Panipat ("City of Weavers"), Gurugram ("Millennium City").
• Firsts in Haryana: First CM (Bhagwat Dayal Sharma), First Governor (Dharma Vira).
• Famous Lakes/Tals: Sultanpur Lake, Badkhal Lake, Damdama Lake, Brahma Sarovar.
• Pilgrimage Sites: Kurukshetra (Jyotisar, Brahma Sarovar, Sheikh Chehli's Tomb).

VII. Population Demographics (Census 2011)

• Total Population: 25,351,462.
• Sex Ratio: 879 females/1000 males (lowest in India, led to Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao campaign launch from Panipat).
• Literacy Rate: 75.55%.

VIII. Transportation and Communication in Haryana

• Roadways: Extensive network, major Expressways (KMP, KGP, Delhi-Mumbai, Dwarka).
• Railways: Well-connected, Rewari Heritage Steam Loco Shed.
• Airports: Hisar Airport (developing), proximity to IGI Delhi.
• Communication: All India Radio stations, Doordarshan Kendra, newspapers, magazines.

IX. Education and Health Infrastructure

• Education: Improving literacy, government initiatives (Beti Bachao Beti Padhao), numerous universities (MDU, KU, CCSHAU).
• Health: Healthcare network (PHCs, CHCs, District Hospitals), major hospitals (PGIMS Rohtak, AIIMS Jhajjar). Government schemes like Ayushman Bharat.

X. Important Government Schemes (Focus on 2024-2025 relevant schemes)

• Parivar Pehchan Patra (PPP): Unique Family ID.
• Meri Fasal Mera Byora: Online farmer portal.
• Lado Lakshmi Yojana: Financial support for women.
• Mukhyamantri Yuva Kaushal Samman Yojana: Internships for youth.

XI. Current Affairs (Ongoing Emphasis for 2024-2025)

• Political Developments (elections, leadership changes).
• Economic Front (new projects, budget highlights).
• Social Sector (schemes, education, health).
• Sports (achievements, policy).
• Environmental Initiatives (plantation, conservation).
• Infrastructure (road, rail, air projects).

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Famous Personalities of Haryana

I. Freedom Fighters & Political Stalwarts

• Sir Chhotu Ram: "Messiah of Farmers," "Deenbandhu."
• Rao Tula Ram: 1857 Revolt leader from Rewari.
• Raja Nahar Singh: 1857 Revolt leader from Ballabhgarh.
• Pandit Neki Ram Sharma: Freedom fighter, "Sandesh" newspaper.
• Devi Lal: "Tau," "Jannayak," CM, Deputy PM.
• Bansi Lal: "Architect of Modern Haryana," CM.
• Bhajan Lal: CM, political acumen.

II. Sports Personalities

• Kapil Dev: Cricket legend, 1983 World Cup winning captain.
• Neeraj Chopra: Javelin Throw, Olympic Gold (Tokyo 2020), World Champion (2023).
• Sakshi Malik: Wrestling, Olympic Bronze (Rio 2016), first Indian female wrestler Olympic medalist.
• Bajrang Punia: Wrestling, Olympic Bronze (Tokyo 2020).
• Vijender Singh: Boxing, Olympic Bronze (Beijing 2008), first Indian boxer Olympic medalist.
• Deepa Malik: Para-athlete, first Indian woman Paralympic medalist.
• Saina Nehwal: Badminton, Olympic Bronze (London 2012).
• Rani Rampal: Hockey, Captain Indian Women's Team.
• Phogat Sisters (Geeta, Babita): Pioneering female wrestlers.

III. Arts, Culture & Entertainment

• Pandit Jasraj: Hindustani Classical Vocalist (Mewati Gharana).
• Pandit Lakhmi Chand: "Surya Kavi," legendary Saangi.
• Altaf Hussain Hali: Urdu Poet.
• Manushi Chhillar: Miss World 2017.
• Film personalities: Satish Kaushik, Juhi Chawla, Randeep Hooda, Rajkummar Rao.

IV. Business & Philanthropy

• Om Prakash Jindal: Founder of Jindal Group.
• Savitri Jindal: Chairperson Emeritus, O.P. Jindal Group.
• Subhash Chandra: Founder of Essel Group, Zee TV.
• Baba Ramdev: Yoga Guru, co-founder of Patanjali Ayurved.

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Judiciary of Haryana: Structure, Jurisdiction & Legal Aid

I. Overview of the Judicial System

• Integrated system: High Court at top, Subordinate Courts below.

II. The Punjab and Haryana High Court

• Common High Court: For Punjab, Haryana, and Chandigarh.
• Location: Chandigarh.
• Historical Background: Started as Lahore High Court (1919), became High Court of Punjab (1950), renamed Punjab and Haryana High Court (1966).
• Architecture: "Palace of Justice" designed by Le Corbusier (UNESCO World Heritage Site).
• Jurisdiction: Original, Appellate, Revisional, Supervisory.
• Chief Justice: Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sheel Nagu (as of July 2025).

III. Subordinate Courts in Haryana

• District and Sessions Courts: One in each district, headed by District & Sessions Judge.
• Civil Courts: Civil Judge (Senior Division), Civil Judge (Junior Division).
• Criminal Courts: Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM), Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMIC).
• Special Courts/Tribunals: Family Courts, Labour Courts, Commercial Courts.

IV. Appointment of Subordinate Judiciary

• Appointed by Governor in consultation with High Court, through Haryana Judicial Service (HJS) Examination (by HPSC).

V. Legal Aid Services and Lok Adalats

• Haryana State Legal Services Authority (HSLSA): Provides free legal services.
• Lok Adalats: For amicable dispute settlement.

VI. Digitalization and Modernization

• Participation in e-Courts Project (online case status, e-filing).

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Agriculture in Haryana: Backbone of the Economy

I. Significance of Agriculture

• Contributes ~18% to GSDP.
• "Food Bowl" of India, major producer of wheat and rice.

II. Key Agricultural Characteristics

• Arable Land: ~86%. Irrigation: ~75% irrigated.
• Mechanization: Highly mechanized.
• Cropping Seasons: Kharif (Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton), Rabi (Wheat, Mustard), Zaid.

III. Major Crops and Their Production Areas

• Wheat: Sirsa, Hisar, Karnal.
• Rice (Paddy): Karnal ("Rice Bowl"), Kaithal.
• Sugarcane: Yamunanagar.
• Cotton: Sirsa, Fatehabad.
• Mustard: Mahendragarh.
• Mushrooms: Sonipat (leading producer).

IV. Irrigation System

• Major Sources: Canals (Western Yamuna Canal, Bhakra Canal System), Tube Wells.
• Challenges: Declining Groundwater Levels, SYL Canal Dispute.

V. Allied Agricultural Sectors

• Animal Husbandry & Dairy Farming: Murrah buffalo, high per capita milk availability. NDRI Karnal.
• Fisheries, Poultry Farming, Bee-keeping.

VI. Government Initiatives & Policies for Farmers (2024-2025 Focus)

• Mera Pani, Meri Virasat Yojana: (Subsidy ₹8,000/acre for crop diversification).
• Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).
• Waiver on Irrigation Charges: From April 1, 2024.
• Natural Farming: Target 1 lakh acres.
• Solar Pumps: 75% subsidy.

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Science and Technology in Haryana: Contribution and Initiatives

I. Premier Research and Educational Institutions

• National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar: Neuroscience.
• National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal: Dairy science.
• Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal: New genome-editing lab (April 2025).
• Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC), Hisar: Remote Sensing, GIS.

II. Notable Scientists from Haryana

• Kalpana Chawla: First Indian-origin woman in space.
• Dr. Hari Krishan Jain: Agricultural scientist.

III. Government Initiatives and Policy Frameworks (Focus 2024-2025)

• Department of Future: New department for future-ready skills, scientific policy-making.
• Haryana AI Mission: AI hubs in Gurugram, Panchkula.
• R&D Center Scheme: Financial assistance for R&D centers.

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Haryana Current Affairs 2024 (January - December)

I. Political & Governance Developments

• Lok Sabha Elections 2024: BJP (5 seats), INC (5 seats).
• Haryana Assembly Elections 2024: BJP secured 48 seats (third consecutive term).
• Change of Chief Minister (March 2024): Manohar Lal Khattar resigned, Nayab Singh Saini became CM.

II. Economic Developments & Initiatives

• Economic Survey 2023-24: GSDP growth of 8.0%.
• Mera Pani, Meri Virasat Yojana subsidy increased.

III. Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare

• Successful crop procurement.
• Continued PM-KUSUM implementation.

IV. Infrastructure Development

• Progress on Delhi-Mumbai Expressway.
• Haryana Orbital Rail Corridor (HORC) construction.
• Gurugram Metro Extension preparatory work.
• Hisar Airport development.

V. Sports & Culture

• Khelo India Youth Games 2024 (Jan 2024): Haryana finished 3rd.
• Significant contribution to **Paris Olympics & Paralympics 2024** medals.

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Haryana Current Affairs 2025 (January - December)

I. Governance and Policy Developments

• CET 2025 Examination: Scheduled for July 26 and 27, 2025. Schools closed, free bus service.
• Lado Lakshmi Scheme (Rolling Out): Monthly financial support of ₹2,100 to women.
• Department of Future: Newly established.
• Haryana AI Mission: To be launched.

II. Economic Developments & Initiatives

• Haryana Budget 2025-26: Total Outlay: ₹2,05,017.29 crore.
• Mera Pani, Meri Virasat Yojana: Subsidy increased to ₹8,000 per acre.
• Solar Water Pumping Scheme: Additional 70,000 pumps in FY 2025-26.
• New Industrial Projects (Green Hydrogen, Warehouse, Distillery, Chemical, Solar Module, Cement units).

III. Education and Social Welfare

• PM Poshan Scheme: Budget ₹665.65 crore for 2025-26. Enhanced nutrition.
• University of Southampton Opens India Campus in Gurugram (July 17, 2025).

IV. Environment and Sustainability

• First Climate Change Learning Lab (CCLL): Inaugurated in Panchkula (July 23, 2025).
• Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam 2.0 (EPMKN 2.0) 2025-26: Ambitious plantation drives.

V. Sports and Culture

• 5th Haryana State Finswimming Championship 2025 (Faridabad Champion).
• Haryana Khel Mahakumbh Rescheduled to August 2025.